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--- user:kurser:ham_vt2023_l11 [2023/05/14 09:45] – jonathanl
+++ user:kurser:ham_vt2023_l11 [2024/02/13 18:09] (current) – user
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 =====Regulation Lesson 4: Repeaters, Frequency bands =====
-[[user:kurser:ham_vt2023|Back to course information]]
+[[user:kurser:ham_vt2024|Back to course information]]
 **Recommended reading for frequency bands: KonCEPT p. 282-283 (13.11 Bandplaner), 313-324 (Appendix F + G), 341-345 (Appendix N)**
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 https://www.ssa.se/vushf/bandplaner/
-Ham radio frequency bands are bands you're allowed to transmit on if you have a license. Note: there are non-ham radio bands which everyone is allowed on (example: PMR446). Also, some ham radio bands are shared with other non-ham radio things (example: ISM @ 433.05 - 434.57 MHz and 2.4-2.5GHz, also WiFi/Bluetooth/microwaves). Of course you can use your ham radio equipment to use these public bands, but keep an eye on power!
+Ham radio frequency bands are bands you're allowed to transmit on if you have a license. Note: there are non-ham radio bands which everyone is allowed on (example: PMR446). Also, some ham radio bands are shared with other non-ham radio things (example: ISM @ 433.05 - 434.57 MHz and 2.4-2.5GHz, also WiFi/Bluetooth/microwaves).
+It is not allowed to use ham radio equipment on for example PMR bands! On ISM bands all equipment needs to be CE certified which ham radio equipment is not!
 **Legal**:
@@ Line 26: / Line 28: @@
 Explain overarching bands:
-* Low frequency (30kHz-300kHz)
+  * Low frequency (30kHz-300kHz)
-* Medium frequency (300kHz-3MHz)
+  * Medium frequency (300kHz-3MHz)
-* High frequency (3MHz-30MHz)
+  * High frequency (3MHz-30MHz)
-* Very high frequency (30MHz-300MHz)
+  * Very high frequency (30MHz-300MHz)
-* Ultra high frequency (300MHz-3GHz)
+  * Ultra high frequency (300MHz-3GHz)
-* Super high frequency ...
+  * Super high frequency ...
-* Extra high frequency ...
+  * Extra high frequency ...
-* Terrific high frequency ...
+  * Terrific high frequency ...
 Each band is referred to by it's approximate wavelength. Not exact (example: 40m band has a wavelength 41.6-42.8m). Mention λ[m] = 300/(f[MHz]) as rule of thumb!
 You will need to know the start and stop frequency, as well as power of ALL the bands (probably nothing above 70cm comes on the test). Go through all bands (boring!)
-* Mention we have mounted antennas which work well on 40m, 20m, 17m, 15m, 6m (yagi), 2m (yagi), 70cm
+  * Mention we have mounted antennas which work well on 40m, 20m, 17m, 15m, 6m (yagi), 2m (yagi), 70cm
-* Mention predominant modes used on the band. HF = SSB and AM, VHF is both SSB, AM and FM and UHF = FM.
+  * Mention predominant modes used on the band. HF = SSB and AM, VHF is both SSB, AM and FM and UHF = FM.
-* Most bands are 200W PEP. Non-200W are italic
+  * Most bands are 200W PEP. Non-200W are italic
-* Propagation is best at HF. Probably ask -JKK about this!
+  * Propagation is best at HF. Probably ask -JKK about this!
 Remember all modes have some bandwidth! Example if you're sending 3kHz USB @ 14.348, you're outside the band by 1kHz! Most radios know this, but some may only check the carrier frequency
@@ Line 70: / Line 72: @@
 Repeaters need some way to tell noise from signal. Some methods exist
-* Carrier wave detection (bärvåg): repeater activates when an FM carrier wave is detected over some threshold. (Not recommended by SSA, prone to being triggered by noise)
+  * Carrier wave detection (bärvåg): repeater activates when an FM carrier wave is detected over some threshold. (Not recommended by SSA, prone to being triggered by noise)
-* Tone burst (tonskur, tonöppning): Repeater is opened by a tone at 1750Hz (not baseband, but a tone inside the FM signal). After the frequency has been detected, the repeater stays open until the carrier is gone.
+  * Tone burst (tonskur, tonöppning): Repeater is opened by a tone at 1750Hz (not baseband, but a tone inside the FM signal). After the frequency has been detected, the repeater stays open until the carrier is gone.
-* Subtone (CTCSS = continuous tone coded squelch system): Repeater is opened by a low tone (usually below 150Hz) in the FM signal. The tone used depends on the repeater. SSA has recommendation where different regions use different tones. Two nearby repeaters can use different tones to avoid having both repeaters open. Most UHF radios have settings to send this tone when transmitting.
+  * Subtone (CTCSS = continuous tone coded squelch system): Repeater is opened by a low tone (usually below 150Hz) in the FM signal. The tone used depends on the repeater. SSA has recommendation where different regions use different tones. Two nearby repeaters can use different tones to avoid having both repeaters open. Most UHF radios have settings to send this tone when transmitting.
-* DTMF (dual tone multi frequency): Some advanced repeater systems can be controlled and programmed by sending DTMF tones to it. These are the same kinds of tones pressing buttons on a dial phone produces. Not very common as the exclusive method of activation.
+  * DTMF (dual tone multi frequency): Some advanced repeater systems can be controlled and programmed by sending DTMF tones to it. These are the same kinds of tones pressing buttons on a dial phone produces. Not very common as the exclusive method of activation.
 **Repeater nets**